Exact(3)
The results are unacceptable, yet naturalism prohibits the amended theory from presupposing aboutness in its specification of ideal conditions; and to do so would be to presuppose the very aboutness that the theory sets out to explain.
(Consider the case of a willing addict who has simply given up the struggle and drearily resigned herself to her addiction. She'll be willing; why resist? There is nothing she can do to stop the train she is on!) Such a person would satisfy Frankfurt's amended theory, but still seem not to identify in a deep sense with her will--not in a way that would reveal her real self.
Unfortunately, Maslow found very little opportunity to publicize his amended theory.
Similar(57)
A great deal of controversy surrounds the theory of rationality, and there have been many formal investigations into weakened or amended theories of rationality.
Mao Zedong, the founder of the People's Republic and China's first communist leader, claimed to have "creatively" amended Marxist theory and communist practice to suit Chinese conditions.
In the end, then, even an amended causal theory falters in the face of misrepresentation.
In this way, the amended causal theory proposes to distinguish between relevant (ideal) and irrelevant (non-ideal) causes.
An amended causal theory does not presume, then, that the cause and the content of a representation will coincide unless the environment in which the representing takes place is normal or as often put ideal.
According to an amended causal theory, for instance, a representation is about its cause only if conditions are normal: R in O represents C if and only if R is caused by C in normal conditions.
Though it seems to get the right results, the amended causal theory is hard-pressed to give a non-circular specification of the normal or ideal conditions for representation.
Subsequently, other researchers amended the theory and utilized a variety of different scales to assess life events and coping, focusing on either sport or athletes [ 22].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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