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A recent study compared ambient concentrations with personal exposures with monitoring measurement and results show that ambient measures were good surrogates for PM2.5 and SO42- in both winter and summer, but O3 was only good in summer, not well in winter [ 70].
At each study visit, subjects will be monitored for sub-acute exposure to personal and ambient measures of air-pollution exposure and will undergo a series of functional CM outcomes.
Our study had the advantage to have both personal and ambient measures of air pollution.
For seasonalized LUR measures and ambient measures of CO, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM2.5, the greatest positive associations were observed for last month of pregnancy averages.
First trimester and last pregnancy month exposures for ambient measures of NO and NOx and total PAHs were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.7).
Ambient measures of NO, NOx, and total PAHs exhibited strong seasonal variability with peaks in winter, whereas O3 and ammonium sulfate followed the opposite pattern with summer peaks.
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For all subjects who participated in both March 2005 and September 2006, we used the data with the highest LC-MS ambient measure.
Means across the six seasons of ambient exposure measures [winter (February 2001 through spring May 2002002] by location are shown in Table 2.
We cross-tabulated CADPR detections (yes, no/nondetect) with our ambient exposure measures (yes, no) and found moderate concordances.
Ambient station measures for PM2.5 and O3, however, are less likely to misrepresent actual exposures, because these pollutants are generally considered more homogeneously distributed over larger regions.
We fitted a model for each combination of ambient temperature measures (daily minimum, mean and maximum temperature) and mortality types using the above steps.
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