Macklin suggested that the alveolar size changes little during lung volume change and that the increase in lung volume is accommodated by changes in volume of the alveolar ducts [ 29].
With the subjects ventilating, even with a constant minute alveolar volume, changes in alveolar elimination of CO2 are important, because alveolar elimination depends on both alveolar CO2 concentration and alveolar minute ventilation [11].
The baseline radiographs were taken before and immediately after the surgery and then compared with radiographs taken at 12 months after the graft to evaluate alveolar crest changes.
As the height and density of the alveolar bone changes, tooth mobility increases due to the reduced support, altered centers of resistance and the associated increased moment of force [30].
Assessment of mammary gland whole-mounts demonstrated that hyperplastic alveolar nodular changes were present only in mammary glands from tumour-bearing, c- myc transgene-positive study mice and were not qualitatively different with loss of allelic bax (data not shown).
As the size of the mouth of all alveoli comprising an air sac concomitantly open and close, the size of the alveolar duct changes size greatly; it is the expansion and contraction of the alveolar duct, not of the alveolus, that occurs during ventilation in the normal lung [ 16].
Measuring alveolar size change between I and E is used to assess alveolar stability.
Direct assessment of alveolar size change, using multiple techniques, have shown that alveoli do not expand significantly, as would a rubber balloon, with high volumes or pressures [37, 38].
If this is true, than normal alveoli would be artificially stabilized and this may account for the minimal alveolar size change during tidal ventilation.
The laboratory of Gil and colleagues produced the first high-quality experiments demonstrating the possibility that there may be many mechanisms by which the alveolar volume changed during ventilation [ 17, 18].
Regulation of acid base homeostasis involves three basic steps: chemical buffering by extracellular and intracellular buffers, alteration of alveolar ventilation, and changes in renal H+ excretion [ 17].
