Although temperate-zone adapted species also suffered from bottlenecks during Pleistocene cold phases, generalists like red foxes and brown bears were able to disperse southwards and to quickly re-colonize suitable habitats after deglaciation [ 36, 38].
Although most temperate phages have an integrase gene, it is not a necessary and sufficient condition to prove the existence of a prophage [5].
Although many temperate marine Alexandrium species, Gymnodinium catenatum, and a few freshwater cyanobacteria species produce STXs (Kodama 2000), these organisms have not been found in the IRL.
Although found in temperate and tropical marine waters all over the world, the centre of species diversity and abundance are the shallow coastal waters of Island Southeast Asia.
Although mosquitoes from temperate Uruguay and Argentina were competent to transmit DENV, those from subtropical Argentina were more susceptible, displaying the highest virus titters in the head and presenting the highest dissemination of infection and transmission efficiency rates when incubated at 28°C.
Although macroclimate varied from temperate to tropical in this study, SOC density did not vary significantly with climate, though it was negatively correlated with regional mean elevation.
There are about 300 species, most living in tropical and subtropical seas although some live in temperate areas.
In the community, A. baumannii is a rare colonizer of human skin in temperate climates, although skin carriage is more common in tropical environments [ 12, 13].
Although regular exercise in temperate conditions elicits partial heat acclimatisation, 24 it cannot replace the benefits induced by consecutive days of training in the heat.
Significant change to a more tropical climate could have the same effect in temperate countries, although the widespread introduction of infant vaccination in these countries is likely to counter this trend.
Although plant communities in temperate and arctic regions are much less diverse than those in the tropics [ 23], they may not be easier targets for DNA barcode analysis because rates of molecular evolution in both plastid and nuclear genomes appear lower in groups of flowering plants with low diversity [ 24] and in plant species from high latitudes [ 25].
