The mitochondrial data supported many of the same clades as the ITS data sets, although there was some discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial trees, particularly within Clade I. Clade I and II in the mitochondrial tree were more consistent with divisions between branching and mounding morphologies, although not reciprocally monophyletic and not supported by NJ and MP trees.
Although the STAT1 signal reciprocally affects the secretion of IL-10 and IL-17, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits IL-17 production in STAT1−/− T cells.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08758.027 Our results raise the possibility that aBN1 and aBN2 are reciprocally excitatory, although the aBN2 to aBN1 excitatory connection was only weakly supported.
Using Bayesian structure analysis [ 64] and the Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI) [ 65] Weisrock et al. [ 25] confirmed the high number of Microcebus species using several nuclear markers, although species were not reciprocally monophyletic.
Furthermore, direct comparison of the diseased tissues shows that these two cytokines are reciprocally expressed, although the increase (x1.55 fold) of IFNγ in paucibacillary ileum is not quite significant (p = 0.057).
The pattern of genetic divergence we found for the montane clade (Nguru versus Usambara) is similar to what has been described in other vertebrates for mtDNA (reciprocally monophyletic), although our results from the nuclear genome emphasize the need for more studies from East Africa to include a diverse set of markers in phylogeographic studies.
So reciprocally, it is possible that although hypomorphic mutations in Utp15p and Nhp2p, whose depletion results in early ribsome biogenesis defects, rather perturb downstream steps in the pathway.
Although it is known that Igf2r and Airn are reciprocally imprinted, the timing of imprinted expression and accompanying epigenetic changes have not been well characterized in vivo.
Remarkably, although mitochondrial DNA lineages of the two species are reciprocally monophyletic [ 13], differentiation at nuclear loci is surprisingly low (FST = 0.055 [ 16]; FST = 0.018 [ 17]; FST = 0.06 [ 18]; FST = 0.09 [ 19]), suggestive of ongoing gene flow.
Notably, although BRA knockdown eliminated CDX2 expression, CDX2 knockdown did not reciprocally significantly affect BRA expression.
