In analyses alternatively constraining the root for these arboreal clades, we found that an Amazon-only origin is more likely than Andean-only (global ML: -lnL = 32.06 and 36.14, respectively), but neither of these results are as likely as the mixed ancestral ranges we found in the unconstrained analysis (−lnL = 31.27; Figure 4).
Alternatively, enzymes constrained to specific clades or cellular domains would suggest adaptations of organisms or cellular domains to specific lifestyles.
Alternatively, we can constrain the model so that λ c, t = 0 ∀ t ∉ T′ and learn only the subset of the parameters {λ c, t }, ∀ t∈ T′.
Alternatively, one could conceivably constrain the search to a set of candidate (sparse) models by adding a BIC penalty for example.
Two approaches can be considered: the above solutions are computed individually on each sub-carrier, i.e., the power per subcarrier is constrained to Ptb, or alternatively, the objective functions can be minimized jointly over all the available subcarriers, and the overall power of each BS is constrained to NcPtb.
Alternatively, extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) may be constrained by asynchronous breeding, which results in a lack of neighboring potential extrapair mates (Stutchbury and Morton 1995).
Having observed this, instead of constraining the budget we can alternatively limit the number of WiMAX hops in the routes and obtain the costs for a given maximum allowable number of WiMAX hops in the routes.
Alternatively, vocalisations that are physiologically or physically constrained carry some characteristics that are directly related to intrinsic properties of the caller and therefore cannot be faked [6].
Alternatively, claw size, but not force, may be constrained.
The class II peroxidases could be constrained by a fine-tuned regulation or, alternatively, be not produced in our growth conditions.
