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Alternatively, markers fixed or nearly fixed for alternative variants in different species - as a result of divergent selection in the past - may transiently retain elevated levels of differentiation after secondary contact and genetic admixture, even if selectively neutral today, representing the ' ghost of selection past' (as illustrated in Figure 6c; see also [ 35]).
Unfavourable ones are eventually eliminated by natural selection; their carriers leave no descendants or leave fewer than those carrying alternative variants.
Natural selection, then, can be defined as the differential reproduction of alternative hereditary variants, determined by the fact that some variants increase the likelihood that the organisms having them will survive and reproduce more successfully than will organisms carrying alternative variants.
On the other hand, the alternative variants
The conceptualization comprises six alternative variants of alienation: powerlessness, normlessness, meaninglessness, self-estrangement, cultural estrangement and social isolation [8, 10].
As the six alienation variants are alternative variants, there is no demand of combining the six variants to study alienation.
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We use for this approach the HIT Database Model, see, e.g., [7], as a functional alternative variant of E-R model.
An alternative variant is to select an Approximate Singular Value Decomposition of the Actual Degrees of Disequilibrium (ASVDADD).
An alternative variant of the lantibiotic locus that was described for S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 strain (Maricic et al. 2016) includes only one lantibiotic precursor peptide (Fig. 2b).
However, three of the 10 high grade serous ovarian cancers showed an alternative variant profile; sequencing confirmed them to be false positives.
With probability μ, each variant spontaneously transforms into the alternative variant.
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