In this system however, although phages were allowed to burst kill and persist in the environment, the persistence phase in harsh conditions was a separate experimental step from the replication in E. coli, potentially eliminating the possibility for alternative strategies to evolve and compete [ 39].
If genes were private goods, then we might expect alternative genetic codes to evolve over time thereby helping to keep the private goods private.
For young plant groups, nuclear genes may not be a superior alternative to slowly evolving plastid genes.
Specifically, for slightly or moderately duplicated genes with gene families containing 2 - 7 paralogs, genes were more likely to evolve alternative splicing and had on average a greater number of alternative splicing isoforms after long-term evolution compared to singleton genes.
"Reviewers of alternative comedy have failed to evolve a critical language to talk about a new artform," he wrote, to the sound of thrown gauntlets.
As the industry continued to evolve, alternative technologies like storage water heating, either controlled remotely or by time clocks began to appear.
As the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) continues to evolve, so do increased calls for the use of more rigorous study design and trial methodologies, which can present challenges for investigators.
Provided the high incidence of competition, species with one-shot genitalia but without the plug function are expected to evolve alternative measures of paternity protection.
Therefore, the opportunity to evolve alternative genetic mechanisms for similar phenotypes may be increased, as found in the case of pelvic reduction of this species.
A central hypothesis for the ecological drivers of C4 evolution is that declining CO2 concentration in the Oligocene decreased the rate of carboxylation by RuBisCO, creating a strong pressure to evolve alternative photosynthetic strategies (Christin et al., 2008; Vicentini et al., 2008).
