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Moreover, VLPs are a good alternative specimen type for assay training and proficiency testing purposes.
Drug screening in neonates is traditionally performed using meconium, but cord tissue has been proposed as an alternative specimen.
Self-collected vaginal swab samples have been proposed as an alternative specimen collection method for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection.
As an alternative specimen, we evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of saliva samples with rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs).
Sensitivity per sample and virus was assessed using the following definitions: true negatives (TN), defined as the number of patients negative in all three specimens and false negatives (FN), defined as a negative sample while an alternative specimen from the same patient tested positive for a given virus.
Performance of the test in alternative specimen types is currently being conducted.
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The commonly seen eschars in scrub typhus patients were suggested as alternative specimens for diagnosis (9 ).
If the extent to which a chemical partitions into various biologic matrices is known, then alternative specimens may be used if the desired specimen is not adequate.
Stool and NPA can be useful add on or alternative specimens in the settings where is unavailable and in older children in whom GA are difficult to obtain.
Saliva and endotracheal aspirates are alternative specimens (Table 3), but we could not assess their usefulness because of the lack of specimens collected in the early stage of the illness.
As recently described for B. ovis infection [ 9], this study indicated that urine samples can be considered as alternative specimens for direct diagnosis of A. seminis and H. somni infections, although semen is the specimen of choice in the case these two agents.
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