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Three studies defined the adverse event according the consensus guideline [ 4, 22, 23]; one defined it according to a similar alternative guideline [ 23– 25].
The facilitators suggested that a few modifications in the content would be necessary so that the content would be consistent with approved local practices (for example an approved alternative guideline for eye care).
Six of these patients died due to clear chronic Q fever related manifestations (2 with possible chronic Q fever and 4 without chronic Q fever according to the alternative guideline, Table 4).
As stated before, the most critical difference between the criteria of the Dutch guideline and those of the alternative guideline is the acknowledgment of a positive C. burnetii PCR as a marker of proven chronic Q fever in the absence of acute Q fever.
Notably, 10 patients with cases of proven chronic Q fever that were not diagnosed as definite chronic Q fever by the alternative criteria died (2 with possible chronic Q fever and 8 without chronic Q fever according to the alternative guideline).
Two of the 4 patients without chronic Q fever according to the alternative guideline died due to aortoduodenal fistula, both with a phase I IgG >1 1024, but <1 6400, negative PCR on blood, and a clear FDG-positive vascular focus on PET/CT.
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We suggest alternative guidelines in designing target-expansion schemes.
Reflecting on this actively participating in a constantly changing situation is done to enable extracting future alternative guidelines or directions for best practice.
Another possible explanation for our results is that Dutch general practices might use alternative guidelines [ 28].
Those involved in large scale health IT evaluations have proposed a number of alternative guidelines and approaches to inform research and evaluation [ 3, 5, 6].
We conducted this first analysis comparing BHA with THA to provide alternative guidelines for the clinical treatment of healthy elderly patients with FNF.
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