The laryngeal mask offers an alternative, but for surgery in the prone position, laparoscopic or ENT surgery, tracheal intubation is essential [ 16].
CryoLife's heart valves were excluded from an earlier recall because there are no alternatives for surgeries in some infants and children.
3– 9 A systematic review of these studies concluded that laparoscopic surgery for ileocolic Crohn's disease is feasible and safe, and a good alternative for open surgery with the advantage of a shorter hospital stay.
The rationale for antihormonal therapy as an alternative for prophylactic surgery comes from the observation that oophorectomy prevents breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers (Narod and Offit, 2005).
This is an attractive alternative for glaucoma surgery in UG and in steroid-induced IOP elevations with an open angle in that it avoids anterior chamber entry, iris manipulation, and prolonged hypotony.
Besides knowledge of the disease, therapeutic alternatives, indications for surgery, and the options for the surgical approach, these advanced procedures require a much higher level of competence in order to be completed successfully and have a high conversion rate, even in experienced hands [26].
A new efficacious and safe drug is needed to limit the frequently observed adverse effects induced by laxatives, to improve general wellbeing and quality of life, and to provide an alternative for enemas or even resectional surgery in patients in whom stimulant laxatives cause disabling adverse effects or fail to increase bowel movement frequency.
The alternatives for revision surgery on a dislocating hip such as cup revision, stem revision, or changing to a larger articulation is often not feasible because of comorbidities.
Interspinous process decompression (IPD) techniques may offer a less invasive alternative for microsurgical decompressive surgery in lumbar spinal stenosis.
Although a growing number of different minimal invasive treatments have been introduced for the degenerative lumbar spine disease, the interspinous process devices are becoming an acceptable alternative for lumbar decompressive surgery [ 28– 328.
