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The fraction of correct alternations during the delayed alternating T-Maze were collapsed across test sessions and compared using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA (adolescent stress × delay period), with a significant stress × delay period interaction analyzed by pairwise LSD tests.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied to examine the possible functional alternations during the performance of cognitive tasks in schizophrenia.
In our previous study [ 17], we compared between the networks of each cancer and its corresponding normal PPI, which were obtained by the AIC (akaike information criterion) order detection and Student t-test methods from microarray expression data of patients and normal people, respectively, to get the PPI differential network in order to reveal PPI alternations during the tumorigenesis process.
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The distribution of HACC in the inner part (HACC-IN) or the outer part (HACC-OUT) of the coatings were adjusted by different potential values and negative/positive alternations during alternating potentials assisted electrochemical deposition (AP-ECD).
However, both the similarities and differences between the urethane and sleeping conditions provide an intriguing means to elaborate the central and peripheral mechanisms involved in the constellation of the physiological correlates of state alternations during unconsciousness themselves.
The chance of an alternation occurring during the 1-second presentation increased as a function of incongruence, mimicking the psychophysical results.
At a minimum, this implies that urethane induces a pharmacological condition that is similar to natural sleep and constitutes a good model system for the study of brain alternations during unconsciousness.
There are two prevalent views about what leads to alternations during binocular rivalry: eye-based theories postulate that the two eyes compete for dominance, while stimulus-based theories postulate that it is coherent perceptual representations that are in competition (Papathomas et al. [24]).
Thus, stimulation of forebrain-activating brainstem sites implicated in the pacing of cyclical brain state alternations during sleep subsequently disrupts state cycling under urethane anaesthesia.
Consistent with these findings, the activated state (and moreover state alternations) during urethane anaesthesia was completely abolished by muscarinic receptor antagonism – similar to effects reported for the naturally sleeping animal.
It is notable in this regard, that even prolonged and strong stimulation trains applied to more rostral brain sites such as the posterior hypothalamus (that forms part of the ascending activating system but is not thought to be involved in pacing state alternations during sleep per se) caused no such temporary depression of the ongoing alternations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com