Randomisation: adequate (methods such as computer generated random numbers or use of a random number table), inadequate (methods such as assignment based on day of presentation or alternation), unclear (method not described).
This is in contrast with the fMRI literature where these two networks are strongly coupled, so should show correlated alternations according to this method.
Risk of bias was based on the adequacy of reported allocation concealment, and was categorised as: low risk of bias (e.g. telephone or central randomisation; consecutively numbered sealed opaque envelopes); or high risk of bias (open random allocation; unsealed or non-opaque envelopes, alternation; date of birth, or method not stated).
We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs, defined as studies in which participants were allocated to interventions at random) and non-randomised controlled trials (Non-RCTs, defined as trials that allocated participants to treatment arms by a non-random method such as alternation between groups and the use of birthdates or weekdays).
We therefore used a state-space model of learning [56] to estimate individual learning curves for each subject on both the inbound and outbound components of the W-track alternation task (see Materials and Methods for details).
Flexor extensor phase has been generally defined by previous studies using previous methods as 0.5 exact alternation, similar to left right phase (Figs. 2D and 5B).
17 225 226 227 Use of terms such as "randomisation" without further elaboration is not sufficient to describe the allocation process, as these terms have been used inappropriately to describe non-random, deterministic allocation methods such as alternation or allocation by date of birth.
Thirdly, a novel layer-backfill mining method of room-pillar alternation was designed to reduce the disturbance and settlement of terrain in mining area.
Uncontrolled clinical trials and controlled but non-RCTs, including trials using a quasi-random method of allocation (eg, alternation, date of birth or case record number) were excluded.
All prospective randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (RCTs in which the allocation to treatment was obtained by alternation, the use of alternate medical records, date of birth or other predictable methods) will be included in this systematic review.
The barrel cortex of a ketamine anesthetized rat (see Methods) showed a consistent alternation between up and down states (Fig. 6A, Fig. S2C,E) as shown by others.
