Acidosis and low oxygen significantly altered components of the redox system.
We recently reported that 5-week exposure to environmentally relevant levels (10 and 100 ppb) of As in drinking water significantly altered components of the innate immune response in mouse lung, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the increased risk of lung disease in exposed human populations.
A wave of new research has incorporated a multispecies community context, showing that additional ecological interactions can alter components of host and parasite fitness, as well as interaction specificity and virulence.
Similarly, for disaster risk governance systems, we can expect disasters to alter components of the system, at least temporarily – whether perturbations are low-intensity but frequent or singular, high-intensity events.
Overexpression of Wnt4 may interrupt such a relationship, by either changing the cell membrane structure of chondrocytes or altering components of the ECM.
Indeed, the effects of recent trauma, thoracic surgery, or prior radiation therapy alter components of the mediastinal silhouette and compromise the utility of the VPW [ 18, 19].
These viruses may alter components of PML-NBs, regulate expression and localization of PML protein, and even disrupt PML-NB structure (recent review in [ 131]).
We demonstrate that PGE2 modifies canonical Wnt signalling in NE-4C stem cells by altering components of cell motility such as final distance travelled, path length travelled, average speed of migration, as well as cell splitting behaviour.
Activation of the EGF pathway alters components of the cytoskeleton involved with actin organization, focal adhesion formation and resolution, as well as cell-cell adhesion [ 49].
T cells co-stimulated with anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 develop an overlapping transcription network with anti-CD3 sTimulymphocytesphocytes, but co-stimulatory signalling quantitatively alters components of the TCR/CD3 complex-induced signals [ 23].
