cdk5, a cyclin-dependent kinase involved in neuronal maturation, was down-regulated, which is interesting as multiple neuronal maturation-related transcripts were altered at later time-points.
These differences involved frequent alterations at multiple chromosome locations in luminal BRCA2 tumors that were infrequently or inversely altered in basal/TNP BRCA2 tumors.
With regard to the number of altered loci, 18 tumours (51%) showed alteration at only one locus and 11 (31%) showed alterations at multiple loci (Table 3).
We found altered methylation outcomes at multiple imprint regulatory regions in children born to obese parents, compared with children born to non-obese parents.
Changes related to maternal obesity detected at other loci were as follows: β-coefficient was +2.58 (s.e.=1.00; P=0.01) at the PLAGL1 DMR and -3.42 (s.e.=1.69; P=0.04) at the MEG3 DMR.We found altered methylation outcomes at multiple imprint regulatory regions in children born to obese parents, compared with children born to non-obese parents.
There is evidence from both human and animal sources that prenatal nutritional deprivation can permanently alter DNA methylation at multiple loci, and these changes play a role in the observed alteration of future risk of chronic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes [ 26- 32].
Mutations in Notch signaling alter vascular development, at multiple steps and to various degrees.
To address this issue, we assumed that 1) cancer is more likely to be maintained by a set of interrelated mutations that alter cellular processes at multiple points than by the effects of a single mutation, and 2) proliferative benefit conferred from an alteration can depend on already existing mutations or structural variations.
Changes in sea-surface temperature, wind stress and ocean circulation can all alter prey distribution at multiple spatial and temporal scales (Montevecchi, 1993), and individuals must adapt their behaviour in order to maximise foraging success and, consequently, breeding performance (Inchausti et al., 2003; Sandvik et al., 2012; Watanuki and Ito, 2012).
Because the identification of genes altered in multiple condiions was a major objective of this study, a nested F-test approach was employed as this can be more powerful at detecting genes altered in multiple contrasts.
