To determine whether the differences in locomotion reflected an underlying alteration in anxiety, we tested an independent cohort of mice in two tests of innate anxiety, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF, Table S2 of Supporting Information).
To determine if the changes in histone modification are associated with alterations in host gene expression, we tested a group of genes that has previously reported to be changed during H. pylori or L. monocytogenes infection [9], [15] including, cxcl2, prkdc, dusp4, cox2, c-Jun, hsp70, cyclin D1, and il-8, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).
Additionally, the mice we tested showed alterations in the ERGs (Figure 4) that were consistent with previous findings [22], [30].
To test whether AtCRT1a and CRT1b also participate in the responsiveness to PAMPs, we tested possible alterations in PAMP responses in the absence of these CRTs.
Here we tested how alterations in AMF community induced by an invasive plant species generate feedback to the invasive plant itself and affect subsequent interactions between the invasive species and its native neighbors.
In addition, we tested the alterations in labial microcirculation.
To eliminate alteration of the reporting signal, we tested the ability of each positive hit to quench the fluorescent or luminescent signal as well as its possible cytotoxic effect.
As a first step to explore possible epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of mPing activity, we tested whether alteration of status of cytosine methylation of random genomic loci and regions immediately flanking the element copies might be associated with the element's transposition in rice.
We tested if GH-related alterations in WAT lipid storage and differentiation capacity are associated with senescent cell burden.
