The phrase "alterations of sperm" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts discussing changes or modifications related to sperm, such as in scientific or medical discussions.
Example: "The study focused on the alterations of sperm due to environmental factors and their impact on fertility."
Alternatives: "changes in sperm" or "modifications of sperm".
Since biochemical and molecular alterations of sperm cells are known to be associated with impaired sperm quality, our findings suggest that involuntary smoking is potentially able to impair fertility in subjects exposed early in life.
The viability results were complemented with the HOS test, an approach that serves in early detection of structural and/or functional alterations of sperm membranes.
The results of our study imply that HPV infection does not seem to affect sperm quality in terms of causing clinically significant alterations of sperm parameters.
To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression of these proteins in relationship to testosterone production in Leydig cells and evaluated spermatogenesis and alteration of sperm occurring in the testis and epididymis.
The human exposure to phthalates has been associated with alteration of sperm quality [ 62], reduced anogenital distance in infant [ 63], neurodevelopment disorders [ 64], and increased waist circumference and insulin resistance [ 65].
In our study, we have not observed any clinically significant alteration of sperm parameters, which is contrary to some authors who have reported an association between seminal HPV infection and decreased sperm motility or reduced pH of seminal plasma [ 11, 13, 16, 17].
In fact, the identification of the specific doses and times of action of agents able to induce epigenetic alteration of sperm DNA or to restore the functional conditions will be likely of great help in the treatment of spermatogenetic defects and/or poor outcome of both normal and in vitro fertilization.
The effect of epigenetic modification of sperm gene function can affect the reproductive outcome in at least four different levels: (1) impairment of male fertility due to alterations in sperm number and morphology; (2) alterations of embryo development; (3) poor outcome of the ART protocols; and (4) risk of pathologies in the adultness for the offspring (Fig. 2).
These remarkable findings have come from observations that patients with compromised sperm epigenomes tend to have decreased fertility in general, but also have higher likelihood of having marked alterations to sperm function and poor pregnancy outcomes.
This study showed alteration of the sperm duct with an exposure earlier in life, from fertilization to 60 days post-hatch, before any signs of sexual development appear.
If these alterations also evoke detachment of sperm from epithelial cells in vivo, then the basis for at least some portion of release from the sperm reservoir may be unrelated to hyperactivation.
