Genes involved in cell-cell interactions such as f11r and magi1 display isoform switches with alterations of coding sequences.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of coding genes as well as deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) activity play a role in HCC development.
Genes from lineage III have a reduced and variable number of introns leading to the fusion of several exons but without significant alteration of coding sequences (fig. 1).
Considering their significant copy numbers TR-GAG elements could play an important role in chromosome structure, alteration of coding region expression, and genome evolution in plants.
Specifically, the pneumococcus changes the short binding sites in the promoter regions of genes instead of alteration of coding sequences in a niche-specific manner to generate more virulent strains.
However, the deregulation of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and alterations of "histone code" are equally important oncogenic factors per se [ 1– 4].
Interest in two of these modifications, DNA methylation and alterations of histone code, stands not only from their fundamental molecular implications, but also from a therapeutic perspective.
Complementary to the study of genomic changes are the fluid alterations of the coding repertoire, such as those represented in gene expression levels and the specific transcript forms that are expressed.
Thus, the timing errors induced by aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, notably at PP synapses could, together with other changes observed in the epileptic brain (Nadler 2003; Dudek and Sutula 2007), lead to alterations of temporal coding in the dentate gyrus.
Examples include longitudinal analyses incorporating presymptomatic mutation carriers, to test the hypothesis that the physiological alterations of salience coding are sensitive markers of disease; and correlation with multimodal neuroimaging, to test the hypothesis that physiological markers reflect the specific disintegration of distributed neural networks.
