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With respect to neutral markers, signatures of population-level disturbance may include reduced genetic diversity and associated population bottlenecks (Fontaine et al. 2012), alterations in population structure and disruption of gene flow (Clark et al. 2010), and signatures of loci under selection (Lind and Grahn 2011).
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Habitat fragmentation is an important cause of alteration in the population structure of plants (Young et al. 1996).
Understanding the influence of habitat alteration on population structure and persistence is critical for effective conservation strategies.
Interestingly, as it can be observed on the dendrograms, there was greater alteration of population structure compared to community membership.
However, we note the absence of changes in chromatin structure associated with htz1Δ (Figures 6 and S4B; [38] [38]), a result that is consistent with subtle and transient alterations in nucleosome structure and/or a reduced population of affected molecules, but also with SWR1 affecting transcription and genetic stability without altering chromatin structure.
When the harvest, or by-catch in our case, impacts family groups (i.e. mother-offspring pairs), the loss of genetic diversity and alteration of inter-population structure might be exacerbated by genetic drift [43].
Fig. 1 Population structure in the ORSC.
*Based on population structure in 1990.
We investigated four potential socio-ecological factors, and found evidence that the among-year alterations in the demographic structure of the population (density, age composition) can be responsible for the heterogeneous effect sizes.
The upgraded mice squeaked somewhat differently from plain mice and were born with subtle alterations in brain structure.
Alterations in chromatin structure were not observed in TLR4−/− mice.
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