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Systems biology (SB), a recent trend in bioscience research to consider the complex interactions in biological systems from a holistic perspective, sees the disease as a disturbed network of interactions, rather than alteration of single molecular component(s).
An evolving approach, based on systems biology considers that a disease expresses a disturbance of the network of interactions underlying organismic functions, rather than alteration of single molecular components.
Alteration of single components of regulatory machinery may have dramatic effects on transcript profiles [ 4].
Additionally, the genetic alteration of single gene may be a cause of hypoxia-independent stimulation of HIF.
The principal findings are a dynamic and long-range network of protein connectivity that impacts catalysis in a temperature dependent manner that can be either enhanced or eliminated via alteration of single protein side chains.
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For example, chemical alteration of single-walled CNT has been shown to change the electronic properties; specifically, the band gap was found to shrink with degree of OH functionalization [9] and the exceptional thermal properties have been recently measured [10].
However, genetic engineering now enables specific alterations of single traits in already successful varieties.
And how can a T cell's extreme specificity (alterations of single methyl groups in their ligand can abrogate a response) and sensitivity (single agonist ligands on a cell surface are sufficient to trigger a measurable response) emerge from TCRligand interactions that are so low in affinity?
Although "alterations of single synapses or cells have not been shown to have similar macroscopic effects" to alterations in single base-pairs [57] this metaphor is misleading for the reason that neither have alterations in single base-pairs been shown to affect ecosystem dynamics.
Copy number alterations of single oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have previously been implicated as important biomarkers in cancer.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the alterations of single skeletal muscle fiber MHC composition and IGF-1 and IGFBP-5 mRNA expression along with the functional muscle alterations that occur during chronic heart failure.
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