The phrase "alteration of lymphocyte" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts related to immunology, biology, or medical discussions where changes or modifications to lymphocytes are being described.
Example: "The study focused on the alteration of lymphocyte function in response to the new treatment."
Alternatives: "modification of lymphocyte" or "change in lymphocyte".
The correlation between the quantitative alteration of lymphocyte and a poor outcome was shown in two studies involving children [12, 32, 33].
Although our study did not provide information on the link between the lymphocyte count and the qualitative alteration of lymphocyte function, it is the first one that demonstrated in a large cohort of patients, the impact of a low lymphocyte count at ICU admission and of its persistence on the risk to develop an ICU-acquired infection and of increased mortality.
For example, deletions of murine tetraspanin genes led to a mild alteration of lymphocyte proliferation and motility [ 6].
Moreover, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production have been proposed to be affected by peripheral dopamine [ 28] such that levodopa therapy may also have a role in the alteration of lymphocytes populations in PD [ 29].
Therefore, further research is required to clarify the functional alterations of lymphocytes in older patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.
Early alteration of T lymphocyte subsets is also proved to have significant influence on the prognosis of AP patients [ 19].
The underlying mechanisms are complex: the predominance of anti-inflammatory cytokines [ 9]; the alteration of T-lymphocyte populations in number and function [ 6]; the fractional increase in T-regulatory inhibitory lymphocytes [ 10]; metabolic failure of immune cells [ 11]; and epigenetic modifications induced by the cell microenvironment [ 12].
Katz, P, Haynes, BF, and Fauci, AS. "Alteration of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in sarcoidosis". Clin Immunol Immunopathol 10, no. 3 (July 1978): 350-354.
Significant alterations of the lymphocyte proportions [ 1, 2] and higher inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TGF-β [ 3- 5], and lower TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations [ 6] have been described as result of cigarette smoking in healthy individuals [ 7].
In this context, alterations of circulating lymphocyte and dendritic cell subsets have been observed, such as plasma cells [ 9], transitional B cells [ 10], pre-switched memory B cells [ 11, 12], regulatory T cells [ 13], CD4−CD8− T cells [ 14] or plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) [ 15].
Our investigation was the first study to compare the early alteration of the absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood of AP patients with and without IPN.
