The phrase "alter host immune" is not correct and lacks clarity in written English.
It may be intended to refer to modifying or changing the immune response of a host organism, but it is incomplete and ambiguous.
Example: "Researchers are studying how to alter host immune responses to improve vaccine efficacy."
Alternatives: "modify host immunity" or "change host immune response".
These results suggest that hypothermia does not alter host immune response.
Biologic agents and oral glucocorticoids alter host immune responses to HBV infection, which may increase HBV replication with resultant hepatocyte necrosis, a clinical phenomenon known as HBV reactivation [ 2].
Gregarines are often considered to be sub-lethal or even harmless to their hosts, but in fact, they divert host nutrients to their own use, occupy space, alter host immune systems, and damage host cell walls when emerging, and thus foster microbial attack.
However, some mutations have no impact on intracellular growth, leading us to hypothesize that these F. tularensis mutants are attenuated because they induce an altered host immune response.
An altered microbiota in the intestine can lead to altered host immune function, as well as an increased risk of disease (Brown et al. 2012; Morgan et al. 2012).
It was shown previously that the alteration of critical amino acid residues in such immunodominant determinants inhibited T cell proliferative responses, induced T cell anergy and altered host immune responses toward native antigens [12] [15].
Most of these bacteria secrete cytotoxins to induce the same dephosphorylation of histone H3 Ser10, while S. flexneri toxin blocks phosphorylation of histone H3 Ser10; these effects are associated with the mechanisms of altered host immune response [9], [10].
However, more likely we propose that the attenuation of the small intestinal damage is from an altered host immune response.
We further showed that the altered GXM production by the mutant strain could be a potential causal link for the altered host immune responses.
Biofilm formation in other pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported to be associated with altered host immune responses [ 50, 51].
The most widely accepted mechanism of IBD pathogenesis includes inflammation due to altered host immune response in association with continuous stimulation from the resident gut microbiota.
