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The symptomatic CRCs were also ascertained based on linkage with national cancer registry data until the end of 2009.
Other risk factors like alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were also ascertained based on their medical history recorded in the GPRD.
Additional ties to neighbours were also ascertained, based on information about place of residence, but they are not included in the foregoing count as the number of neighbour ties depends on how "neighbour" is defined (for example, whether we restrict the definition to immediate, next door neighbours, or neighbours residing on the same block within 25 or 100 metres, etc).
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The date of first diagnosis of DR or DMP also was ascertained based on all information available, including that provided by the PCPs in their responses to questionnaires and copies of ophthalmology records provided.
However several of the Governor's positions can be ascertained based on his public record.
Families were not ascertained based on any phenotype.
These functional properties were ascertained based on earlier published studies and by extensive bioinformatics analyses.
The diagnosis of T1DM was ascertained based on physician diagnosis extracted from chart review.
Second-degree relatives were ascertained based on the aforementioned relationships.
Participants were not ascertained based on any phenotypes.
Comorbidities were ascertained based on the presence of relevant diagnosis codes during the history period.
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