The phrase "alone exposure" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It may be intended to describe a situation where someone is exposed to something without others present, but the phrasing is awkward and unclear.
Example: "The alone exposure to the harsh environment made it difficult for him to adapt."
Alternatives: "isolated exposure" or "solitary exposure".
Ozone alone exposure in rats did not show significant alterations in any indicators.
In conclusion, PM2.5 alone exposure could cause inflammation, endothelial function and ANS injuries, and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM2.5.
The viability of cells has been studied by standard 3- 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assay according to different modes of treatment: application of cisplatin alone, exposure of ultrasound field alone, exposure to ultrasound followed by cisplatin and application of cisplatin followed by exposure to ultrasound.
Results showed that PM2.5 alone exposure could trigger the significant increase of CRP, MDA, CK, ET-1 and SBP and decrease of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function.
Whether it is exposure alone, exposure and prosecution, or prosecution only, I leave to the Administration and Congress to determine.
The microarray assay indicated that, compared to Aβ or Al alone, exposure to Aβ-Al complex produced selective changes in gene expression.
Light microscope analyses showed iron oxide encrusted stalks in samples containing FeOB Mariprofundus sp. DIS-1; no stalks were observed in the abiotic or FeRB S. frigidimarina (alone) exposures.
However, depending on the intended use, biomonitoring, like all exposure tools, may not be a stand-alone exposure assessment tool for some of its environmental public health uses.
The culture from prior BPA-alone exposure continued to display vigorous growth during this period as confirmed by cell cycle analysis despite a 30 day interval without BPA and without E2 (in charcoal-stripped serum).
However, for the HCT-8 cells, the cetuximab treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.001) persistence of DNA platination after 24 h (5.75±0.6 pg Pt per μg DNA) compared to the oxaliplatin-alone exposure (2.65±0.5 pg Pt per μg DNA).
The following additional files for this article are available online: Additional file 1 contains Table S1, which shows year 1 to baseline log-transformed concentration ratios after estrogen plus progestin (E+P) or estrogen (E-Alone) exposure for all 378 quantified proteins.
