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The comparison of pure TiO2 or ZrO2 with TiO2 ZrO2 systems shows that introduction of the second component always resulted in almost duplication of the surface area of the supports.
Cells demonstrated a major reduction in viability/growth (20% of controls after 48 h incubation with 300 µM MV) and almost duplication of LPO content (Figure 3) but we could not see any protection in cells expressing FNR and Fld.
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We found almost no duplication of testing configurations and minimal standardization, which would allow comparison between studies.
The M. prima chromosome contains a large, almost perfect, duplication of ∼80 kb (positioned from approximately nucleotide 1,761,470 to 1,928,740, and spanning ORFs Theba1633 Theba1781; Supplementary fig. S1).
In contrast, almost no segmental duplication could be detected in either N. antheraeae or N. ceranae.
Finally, Cardinium cBtQ1 contains a recent chromosome segmental duplication (almost 100% identical) involving at least 11 genes and around 17 kb, distributed in five contigs (fig. 5 A).
As soybean has under gone recent complete genome duplication, almost all the pigeonpea sequences have shown two to three different hits with soybean genome sequences.
We also explicitly discussed why gene duplication almost certainly did not release the evolving AncSR1 protein from purifying selection (please refer to the subsections entitled "Mutational pathways to new transcriptional modules" and "Intermolecular epistasis allows coevolutionary drift by the TF-RE complex").
In addition, tandem duplications are almost always shorter than other duplications (Fiston-Lavier et al. 2007).
This includes the presence of long duplications, almost 100% identical, and a large number of IS (Insertion Sequence elements).
The majority of human PLP1 mutations are caused by duplications; almost all others are caused by missense mutations.
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