Turbulence was modelled by an extra transport equation for bubble-induced turbulence, that allows for the inclusion of experimentally verified anisotropic effects, as proposed by Lopez de Bertodano, Lahey, and Jones (Int. J. Multiphase Flow 20 (1994) 805).
This lidar utilizes a multi-telescope design that provides for an operational range with a nearly constant signal-to-noise ratio, which allows for statistical investigations of atmospheric turbulence.
These models were the traditional eddy viscosity (k ε) model and a Multiple-Time-Scale (NITS) model, which allows for the partition of the turbulence kinetic energy spectrum into two distinct time scale ranges.
This is in accordance with a theory developed by Bychkov and co-workers, which allows for the nonlinear interaction of the turbulence with the flame instability.
A novel experimental apparatus was developed, which allows for producing relatively weak, moderate, and intense turbulence conditions.
While GEO-to-OGS communication suffers from atmospheric turbulence, we demonstrate that GEO-to-HAP communication allows for close to diffraction-limited performance when applying tip-tilt correction.
The model was used in particle mode for dispersion, which allows for transport of particles with mean wind and a random component to account for turbulence.
This technique allows for accurate reconstruction of large phases which can arise in applications such as open-loop compensation of atmospheric turbulence, aberrometers and metrology.
This allows for the modified Shields diagram to be partitioned into at least five regimes, where distinct primary mechanisms of sediment-turbulence interaction are identified.
It allows for a younger audience to gain more understanding of a violent, troubled period in this country's history and, perhaps, draw parallels to the turbulence we experience today.
