As discussed above, the eukaryotic cellular environment is more permissive for gene duplication, allowing duplicate genes to be partitioned to different cellular compartments to bypass the dosage evolutionary constraint.
In the conventional view, opportunities for adaptive specialization drive the expansion of gene families; in the DDC model, duplication creates a capacity for complementation of mutations that impair sub-functions, allowing duplicate pairs to stumble from redundancy to co-dependency, resulting in apparently specialized genes.
But with Vetsnet, workers say, the technology has allowed duplicate records.
In this series of experiments approximately one fifth of the eluate was tested first, allowing duplicate amplifications to be performed on each sample to allow for systems diagnostics.
∎ Scripts have recently been developed to allow duplicates to be identified and addressed following each vaccination campaign.
Among the 38SH22 families, 33 possess at least one gene duplicate allowing a duplicate copy to acquire new functions such as specialized tissue functions or novel scaffolding capabilities [ 70].
Neofunctionalization hypothesizes that the presence of redundant copies of genes allows one duplicate to be free from selective pressure, and thus one of the duplicates can accumulate random mutations and potentially acquire novel functions [ 37].
Trinity was applied to both Dataset 1 and 2 as Trinity allows for duplicate reads, however, SOAPdenovo-Trans and Velvet/Oases assemblers were used on Dataset 2 only, where duplicates were removed.
One particular approach is a cooperative relay scheme that allows transmitting duplicate signals via multiple relay stations and then, combining them constructively in the receiver [15].
We further recommend, if cost allows, to duplicate samples (which is easily performed in a multiplexed experiment) and validate computed SNPs by inter-sample concordance checks between these technical replicates.
