The duplication of PYHIN genes allows for evolution of distinct patterns of regulation of similar genes.
Nowak and Sigmund (1998a, b) show that a simple binary image score which tracks only an agent's most recent action is sufficient to allow for evolution of cooperation by indirect reciprocity.
Instead, they support periodic circulation and maintenance of South American SLEV genotypes in Florida, where the diverse ecosystem may allow for evolution of the virus and periodic seeding of SLEV into the United States where the human population may have no immunity to the virus.
This trend also holds for modeling approaches, which have primarily focused on either growth or maturation (e.g., Martínez-Garmendia 1998; Jager 2001; Dunlop et al. 2007); only recently, models that allow for evolution of multiple traits have started to appear; (Dunlop et al. 2009a, b; Enberg et al. 2009).
Our study design allowed for evolution and optimization of the procedural methodology in the light of our experience.
Consequently, the removal of ecological, developmental or genetic constraints associated with metamorphosis or terrestriality may have allowed for the evolution of some of the most morphologically divergent salamanders.
The evolution of complete compensation may have allowed for the evolution of sex-biased expression through gene-by-gene mechanisms driven by sex-specific selective pressures such as sexual selection or sex-specific natural selection.
In this scenario, the formation of the primordial heterodimer allowed for the evolution of the unique properties of the peripheral subunits, trimer formation in the case of PsaL and interaction with electron donors in the case of PsaF.
Validation of a core measure allowed for the evolution of multiple disease, treatment, condition, and other targeted questionnaires.
It has been suggested that morphological and neural adaptations for the control of the hand in primates have allowed for the evolution of complex manipulatory capacities in humans such as tool use [1], fine motor skill and precision grasping [2], [3], and speech production [4].
