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Sir2 and Clr3 histone deacetylases allow spreading of repressive histone methylation from RNAi-dependent nucleation sites, explaining the previously enigmatic role of Sir2 in fission yeast centromere silencing.
At these sites, Rap1 must bind through nonspecific DNA interactions, and it has been suggested that this nonspecific DNA binding could be a means to allow spreading of Rap1 from telomeric ends.
Both proteins contain ankyrin repeat domains that can bind to H3K9me1/2 modifications, allowing the enzymes to read their own marks and therefore allow spreading of the H3K9me2 modification 111.
Briefly, testis were injected through the rete testis with Hoechst 33342 and Trypan blue (Sigma) in 3 5 μl of PBS, 1 h prior to testis dissection, to allow spreading of the vital DNA stain throughout the adluminal compartment of the testis tubules and uptake by nuclei on the adluminal side of the Sertoli cell barrier.
To further investigate the derepressor activity of Dot1 and to exclude possible telomere-looping effects [ 50], Dot1 was targeted to a mating-type locus internal to the chromosome, HMLα, in which the I-silencer element was inverted to allow spreading of the Sir complex to the neighboring URA3 reporter [ 51].
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The rupture of the cyst may allow spread of the parasite and cause an anaphylactic shock tableau that may result in death and, in spite of medical treatment, repeated surgical interventions may be required for newly-formed cysts [ 3].
Conversely, we examined whether deletion of epe1 allows spreading of heterochromatin at this ectopic site to silence the ade6+ gene that resides 1.3 kb downstream of ura4+.
The integration of these surfaces just above or below the active material allows spreading of the incident light, increasing the optical path of each light ray and, therefore, the probability of it being absorbed.
Next, histone deacetylation by Sir2 facilitates binding of Sir3 and Sir4 to proximal nucleosomes, which in turn allows spreading of the repressive complex (reviewed in Rusche et al (2003)).
Then, cells were plated on the pillars to allow spreading in the presence of serum.
Rapid divergence in PRDM9 genes could be facilitated by such recombination events, which can allow spread of new advantageous mutations to other fingers [15].
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