However, the level of gene flow we found in Rio would allow for a rapid spread of resistance if the intensity of insecticide application increases locally.
Technological as well as economical challenges did not allow for a wide-spread commercialization of the above described reactor concepts.
Our results shed some new light on the mechanisms that lead to large scale mixing and allow for a distinction between solute spreading, represented by the mean concentration, and mixing, which comes from both the mean and deviation concentrations, at pre-asymptotic times.
This round-robin experiment demonstrates that for the hardness range of interest (15 35 GPa) and using well-documented procedures and analysis methods, the reported results from all laboratories are essentially the same, allowing for a statistical spread of approximately ±14%.
In contrast, the HA of HPAIV has a multibasic cleavage site that is activated by the ubiquitous cellular protease furin, thus allowing for a systemic spread of the infection.
In particular, antivirulence agents that specifically target group-beneficial virulence traits (i.e., phenotypes that, when expressed, help not only the bacterium expressing them, but all of its neighbors as well) may allow for a fundamentally decreased rate of resistance spread within infections.
As my colleague Robert Samuelson recently wrote, after World War II Americans became accustomed to 3percentt annual growth, which allowed for a cheerful spreading of the wealth.
Rather than attempting to fit situations to experimental designs, designs should be adapted to that reality: e.g. the size of the control group can be increased to allow for a 'spread group' whose use of the information it receives and the outcomes realized can be assessed alongside those of the treatment group and the remainder of the control group.
A 'safety margin' is necessary to allow for microscopic spread, prostate movement, for example, due to rectal distension, outlining uncertainties and set-up errors.
Therefore, our smallest prior variance used (variance = 1/0.04 = 25, for groups LC and MK) still provided a broad enough prior distribution to allow for adequate spread of posterior dominance indices, especially for these relatively small dominance hierarchies.
This horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows for a highly efficient spread of resistances in bacterial communities (Davies 1994; Grohmann et al. 2003).
