Despite such criticisms, a popular idea among evolutionary ecologists has been that oxidative stress caused by damaging free radicals shapes life histories [ 16] and, through its effects on resource allocation, life-history tradeoffs such as that between reproduction and somatic maintenance a subject of much recent debate [ 17]-[ 21].
We also need to elucidate the physiological basis of resource allocation between life history traits and their flexibility [41], [57].
Products of these genes might therefore play major roles in regulating energy allocation and life history patterns, and future studies of their effects on aging-related traits are warranted.
Combined, though, as has been done here, the two approaches can provide a unique view of both the range of gene expression response associated with chemical exposure and the culminating effects on resource allocation and life-history.
Even at the best times in my career, I was never deluded into thinking I had achieved any sort of rational allocation between my life at work and my life outside.
The 'y-model' of life-history theory posits that resources allocated to one life-history trait are not available for allocation to other life-history traits, resulting in trade-offs across individuals or genotypes (see Fig. 5).
We discuss the implications of these allocation decisions for life history evolution in this species.
By means of differential equations, DEB model can infer whether a stressor promotes a shift in energy allocation along the life history of the individuals.
Future studies are needed that address how allocation to various life history components varies with environment.
We identified four main themes that underpinned participants ranking of attributes for organ allocation: enhancement of life, medical priority, recipient valuation, and deservingness.
Secondly, as hinted above, to understand and predict the consequences of clonal plants for soil carbon and nutrient stocks and dynamics, it is important to know both the relative amounts of each plant organ entering the soil as litter, as determined by biomass allocation and organ life span, and the quality and decomposability of that litter (Freschet et al., 2013).
