The teaching and assessment activities at Gippsland, Imperial and Lausanne are funded through university budgets allocated to the curriculum.
Nursing programs during which trainees participated as immunizers in public or occupational immunization campaigns had significantly more time allocated in the curriculum for immunization-related content (mean 17 h vs 3 h).
Therefore, different resources have been allocated to transform the curriculum designs in medical education.
Concerning skills of clinical disciplines that were infrequently used, for example in dermatology, it may be that few respondents were working in areas where those skills are most often needed; those disciplines are also allocated less time in curriculum.
Recess can be defined as 'non-curriculum time allocated by schools between lessons for children to engage in leisure activities' [16, p. 361], and like in this study, recess can also include lunch breaks during the school day.
Perhaps a more pragmatic approach would be to think about more effective utilisation of the time allocated to biology in the curriculum.
The skills with low mean achievement levels and high CV between schools were often in subjects that are allocated less time in the curriculum or for which there are fewer opportunities to practice, mainly in public health.
"This could mean ensuring that students are guided to a more challenging selection of books at school and that dedicated reading time is introduced into the curriculum to give them allocated time to concentrate on reading thoroughly".
While feedback from students has suggested that more time should be allocated to biosciences within the nursing curriculum [ 4, 7], this is unlikely to be achievable in what is an already crowded curriculum.
On the other hand, campus wide surveys revealed strong support for medical campuses to become smoke free and for more attention to be allocated to tobacco in the medical curriculum [ 16].
Children are taught specific skills in Cubs of the Caliphate training camps and Isis curriculum schools, and are subsequently allocated specialised roles and stations.
