Sentence examples for all trials were extracted from inspiring English sources

Descriptive data (e.g., patient population, type of surgery, intervention, and exclusion criteria) and markers of validity (e.g., methods of randomization, blinding) from all trials were extracted.

All data from eligible trials were extracted by two investigators independently using a standard form, and the following information was collected: first author, publication year, country, ethnicity, language, disease, detection method, age, gender and sample number.

Five systematic reviews were identified from which 41 analyzable trials were extracted.

Finally, a total of 29 references reporting trials were extracted.

Approximately 300 trials were extracted for each participant.

Details of the trials were extracted using standardised tables.

In addition, general characteristics of the studies and outcomes of the trials were extracted.

Mean effect data from crossover trials were extracted at the end of the initial phase.

Data from suitable trials were extracted by one author and checked by a second (JAF and DS).

The sample sizes of the identified trials were extracted and analysed in groups of three consecutive calendar years.

Observational studies, epidemiological studies, and randomised controlled trials were extracted, and expert opinion was sought in areas where no trials existed.