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As a results, it is suggested not to apply a method unconditionally to all pathways in a given data set, but to filter them in order to eliminate conditions for which a method is more likely to cause problems.
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If N, N A and N B represent the genes in all pathways, in pathway A and in pathway B respectively, and these two pathways have n genes in common, then the degree of enrichment of pathway B in genes also included in pathway A is given by the hypergeometric distribution h(N, N A, N B ) [ 33].
The observation of the combined behavior of all the signaling pathways in a diseased cell can eventually reveal interesting details of the overall mechanism of the disease and help in the inference of ways of intervention.
For that purpose it considers all the pathways in which a gene participates and the general census of gene expression per pathway.
In steady state, all possible pathways in a metabolic network are by definition stoichiometrically balanced, i.e. all metabolites produced from the source set must be consumed except for those that are target products.
Thus, a receptor that couples to three signalling pathways such as calcium mobilisation, pERK signalling and Rho-activation might be stimulated by ligand 'A' that drives all three pathways in a manner equivalent to the endogenous ligand and hence shows no stimulus bias.
We chose to use GO and KEGG to define pathways since they are publicly available in a format that enables systematic testing of all pathways simultaneously in a statistically rigorous manner.
All pathways culminate in a common terminal pathway that causes the release of uterotonins, such as prostaglandins, leading to preterm labor and delivery [18].
This server provides plausible reactions and transformed compounds and displays all predicted reaction pathways in a tree-shaped graph.
Our results clearly contradict these findings; we found significant increases in expression of all major immune pathways in a species highly susceptible to chytridiomycosis.
Computation of elementary flux modes allows the calculation of a solution space of all possible independent metabolic pathways in a steady-state [ 23].
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