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Gadolinium displays the oxidation state +3 in all its compounds; it behaves as a typical rare earth.
It occurs exclusively as the Ra2+ ion in all its compounds.
In this way, an essential oil is defined not only by its major compounds, but rather by a majority of all its compounds (Zouari [2013]).
Average coordination number, ⟨ N ⟩o: The coordination number of a cation when coordinated by oxygen, averaged over all its compounds.
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The chemical similarity between zirconium and hafnium made a separation difficult and, without knowing what to look for, hafnium was left undiscovered, although all samples of zirconium, and all of its compounds, used by chemists for over two centuries contained significant amounts of hafnium.
If not all the active compounds are known or pharmacological activity of the product is caused by synergistic effect of all its constituents, some marker compounds must be used for standardization purposes.
Thorium exhibits an oxidation state of +4 in almost all of its compounds.
The most important manganese compound is manganese dioxide, in which manganese is in the +4 oxidation state, and the black mineral pyrolusite is the chief source of manganese and all of its compounds.
Cd and almost all of its compounds are water soluble and hence easily gain entry in human food chain.
Polonium has no common compounds, and almost all of its compounds are synthetically created; more than 50 of those are known.
It thus has very high ionization potentials and strong polarization while bonded to other atoms, which is why all of its compounds are covalent.
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