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There were 22 first shunt implantations and 20 shunt revisions with valve exchange, 26 of the implanted systems included an anti-siphoning device and all implantation procedures were performed by one of 12 specialists in neurosurgery and standardized according to implantation of any ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP-shunt).
Nevertheless, all implantation sites and all animals were carried forward without any findings at the end of the second observation period.
The penetration depth was determined for all implantation periods, and after 6 months it was already possible to see new bone in the centre of the implanted cylinders, which gives 100% of penetration depth for all implantations periods except for 3 months when bone could only be seen in the peripherical region.
All implantation, monitoring and data analysis were conducted by an experimenter blind to mouse genotype and treatment, and assignment of telemetry probes was randomised.
At all implantation time points, the stiffness in the defect region of the SG-foam-treated group was significantly greater compared to the G-foam-treated group and also significantly greater than that of the intact bone (3338 ± 1816, 3896 ± 1578 and 4058 ± 2112 N mm−1 4, 12 and 20 weeks after implantation, respectively).
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At E7.5, all the implantation sites were comparable in size and contained embryonic components.
All implantations were done by the senior investigator (HHP).
All implantations had been performed for primary osteoarthritis.
90% of all implantations actually performed were reported to the register (Puolakka et al. 2001).
All implantations were carried out by the same experimenter, who was skilled and experienced in microsurgery and implantation of devices in mice for long-term survival experiments.
The coverage in the Finnish Arthroplasty Register was initially analyzed for the period 1994 1995 by comparing its data with those of the discharge registers of participating hospitals; the Register covered 90% of all implantations performed (Puolakka et al. 2001a).
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