First, the visual stimulus would elicit retrieval of any existing precedents (e.g., couch), if present, before hearing any speech, simply on the basis of the episodic memory of the previous interaction (e.g., Baddeley 2000).
The court on Wednesday treated the issue of capital punishment for child rape as a fresh question, not governed by any existing precedent.
The facts in a case may fall outside the ratio of an existing precedent, and thus the court is not bound by the precedent.
Dundee chief executive Scot Gardiner said: "The initial advice was that SFL rules clearly state that, save in extraordinary circumstances, all members must vote and cannot abstain, such action would incur a heavy fine and there was an existing precedent.
Models were built incrementally, as per existing precedents for multilevel modeling [ 61]: Model 1 controlled for all individual-level covariates (level 1), Model 2 simultaneously considered individual- and area-level (level 2) covariates, and Model 3 fitted all statistically significant individual- and area-level covariates with backwards elimination at p < 0.05.
Other legal experts regard the existing precedents as binding.
(The Teague doctrine validates reasonable, good-faith interpretations of existing precedents made by state courts even though they are shown to be contrary to later decisions").
As the Duke University law professor Stephen Sachs argues in a recent paper, the case for the mandate's constitutionality is "uneasy" without necessarily being wrong: Given existing precedents and current legal doctrine, it's possible to find plausible justifications for the powers that the health care bill's authors are claiming in this case.
Those undertaking creative senior projects should be expected to produce a paper of approximately fifteen pages in which the student discusses such questions as the genre to be used in the project, existing precedents for the topic, and his or her strategy in working on the project.
There are no existing precedents".
We used a 1 km buffer surrounding schools based on existing precedents.
