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Students received a percent favorable score and were placed along a novice-to-expert continuum based on their alignment with the consensus opinions of biology PhDs.
Our data set contained two Alu elements initially identified as belonging to subfamily AluYa8, but upon alignment with the consensus sequences for AluY, Ya5 and Ya8 were found to be 5′ truncated to the extent that the three diagnostic substitutions defining an Ya8 as different from an Ya5 were not available.
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Note that the dataset in Kiryu et al. (2007b) contained only the manually curated seed alignments with the consensus structures published in literature.
To model the thermodynamic probabilities, we define σ (s k, ) as the structure for the k-th sequence s k of an alignment associated with the consensus structure σ of.
Alignment with the AluSx consensus sequence indicates the VDRE was formed by the duplication of the sequence 5'-CGGGTTCAA-3' (Fig. 1C).
Hence the alignment inserts gaps to the query sequence and shifts the gaps to align with the consensus structure and its corresponding nucleotide pairs in the stem.
Table 1 The list of fungal strains along with their respective GenBank accession number, and their identity score, that produce significant alignments with the query consensus sequence (CS) achieved from isolated Beauveria bassiana Accession no.
Alignment of the consensus CPC98 mtDNA sequence with the B. taurus mtDNA reference sequence (GenBank accession no. V00654) revealed a total of 71 variable nucleotide positions comprising 62 transitions, seven transversions and two indels (Figure 2).
In the test, students were asked to analyze data, draw conclusions, and evaluate and propose hypotheses based first on one piece of data and then on both pieces of data, and to design a follow-up experiment (see Supplemental Table S2 for alignment of the questions with the consensus core critical-thinking skills and Supplemental Table S3 for the components of the experimental design score).
We agree that the improvement in contig lengths mainly stems from the multiple alignment with consensus representation of the components, which seems to be a more appropriate output for contigs belonging to different subspecies due to variations.
In most alignment software, the consensus sequence generated from the alignments will represent such positions with ambiguity codes indicating the presence of more than one nucleotide.
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