Northwestern Pembrokeshire (including the southern slopes of the Preseli Hills) is especially rich in megalithic remains dolmens, alignments, standing stones, and stone circles.
Sixty-four percent of the variability in ratings of degenerative changes was explained by alignment and standing balance measures (37% by varus alignment, 27% by standing balance).
Some of this uncertainty can be attributed to differences across studies in the methods used to assess limb alignment [ 17], the confounding influence of ethnicity on limb alignment, changes in limb alignment across the lifespan, and the relation of limb alignment during standing with such dynamic actions as walking.
Our aim was to study the effect of induced foot hyperpronation on pelvic and lower limb alignment while standing.
Results: Forward-stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that the extent of degenerative changes could be best predicted from a linear combination of the independent variables, varus alignment, and standing balance (R =.80, F2,17 = 14.81, p =.0002).
An asymmetric alignment while standing is often characteristic of children with a unilateral neurological lesion, such as hemiplegia [ 18].
For differences in preoperative leg alignment on standing, long leg radiographs for each release category were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
We compared the surgical time, and alignment on standing radiograph, range of motion (ROM) pre/postoperatively, and degrees of soft-tissue release procedure, and lateral laxity measured by stress radiograph immediately after operation and at final follow-up.
We compared the following measures between medial approach group and lateral approach group; complications among perioperative time; and surgical time, number of soft-tissue release procedures for balancing during the surgeries, alignment on standing radiography, ROM, KSS at preoperatively and postoperatively, and varus/valgus laxity at immediately after the surgery, and at final follow-up.
The information and education is standardised and covers the topics of: why does it hurt: pain management; information on how to modify physical activity; how to return slowly to sports; how to cope with knee pain, and information on how to increase knee alignment during sit-to-stand, standing, walking, stair walking and bicycling.
