The CTL will measure program outcomes including participants' confidence in future teaching, their ability to access and apply teaching and learning resources, and alignment of student outcomes with course goals, as well as the value of individual program components.
Building on the concept of constructive alignment, the initial pool of 12 items focused on the alignment of learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities as well as the assessment implemented within the tertiary engineering curriculum.
Particularly important is the alignment of learning outcomes with assessments (Gil-Jaurena & Kucina Softic, 2016; Hamad, 2017; O'Neill, Birol, & Pollock, 2010), meaning that appropriate assessment method should be chosen to ensure that the learning outcomes are achieved.
In the absence of subject-relevant benchmark statements, assessment of learners' research competence was judged against UK higher education quality standards which included alignment of learning outcomes with curriculum content and assessment, use of assessments to support learning, and opportunities to reflect on learning [ 3].
The good alignment of the outcome of decision modeling with observed behavior shows the usefulness of analyzing decision-making with AHP.
A lack of alignment between outcomes and patient values can limit the scope for patient-centered care.
This requires careful thought on the constructive alignment of intended learning outcomes, content and method, as well as interaction between students (cf. Biggs 1999; Biggs & Tang, 2007).
This process is also highlighted with Constructive Alignment, as described by Biggs[ 24, 25], which integrates the alignment of teaching with outcomes, to promote higher order learning.
Regular meetings between the trial groups have enabled the sharing of preliminary findings and alignment of methods and outcomes, to facilitate comparison of trial results and enhance the joint contributions of the trials to global health.
As noted by others, this type of feedback from interviews is important for future program-planning purposes and for ensuring the alignment of goals with outcomes (Ali Zeilani et al., 2011; Cherry et al., 2012).
To begin the future, a redesign of health care is needed, with virtual scenario testing, nimble design changes, and alignment of goals with outcome measures.
