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Table 4 Recognition rate comparison with existing methods on plastic surgery database: a case of rhytidectomy Methods Rank-1 EER Comments Proposed 75.3 to 89.64 7.78% to 3.61% No face alignment Granular approach [24, 25] 71.76 n/a With face alignment GPROF [23] 86.68 n/a With face alignment FACE [22] 74.00 17.00 With face alignment n/a, not applicable.
The analyzed methods are robust to inaccurate alignment, face occlusions, and variations in expressions, to a large degree.
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Tests made on public and private databases have shown the interest of our propositions; it is now possible to align unknown faces in nonconstraint situations, with a precision, which is sufficient enough for most applications requiring an alignment process (face recognition, face gesture analysis, cloning).
The figure shows the image alignment process and the extraction of the periocular region from the aligned face image.
All alignment algorithms face the challenge that under any alignment scoring scheme, a given query restriction pattern may have multiple good quality alignments to the reference or consensus map.
We performed distinct analyses of variance (ANOVAs) on participants' response accuracy (percentage of correct responses on same trials) and correct response times (ms) with the alignment of the face parts (aligned vs. misaligned) and the type of face (adult vs. children faces) as a within-subjects factor, and the group (novices vs. experts) as between subjects factor.
Face alignment was performed by cropping the faces below the positions of the eyes, which were indicated manually.
"The electronic distance that lets men write so freely is akin to their preferred way of speaking -- without a direct face-to-face alignment that makes a lot of men uncomfortable," said Dr. Deborah Tannen, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University and a pioneer in the field of sex differences in language.
Finally, Section "Face alignment" proposes two direct facial surface alignment methods inspired by the ordered structure of the ORF rings.
The performance of EGM-rgbGE in terms of RR with no face alignment is significantly higher than those of all other methods with no face alignment.
Figure 5 Face alignment and masking to: (a) Original frame, (b) Aligned and masked face ready to be analyzed (dimensions shown for illustrative purposes).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com