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To construct the dispersion ratio from a pair of aligned protein-coding sequences, we begin by identifying all positions j in the alignment at which the amino acids disagree.
As illustrated in Figure 2, we identified the sites in each alignment at which the encoded amino acids were distinct; these comprise the visible subset of all sites where a non-synonymous change has taken place.
Table 5 shows the numbers of amino acid residues within each alignment at which the non-synonymous substitution rate is more than twice as large as the synonymous substitution rate (ω > 2).
To assess the effect of missing data, we constructed a reduced alignment by selecting those positions from the basic alignment at which data are available from at least 50% of all included taxa using MEGA version 5.1 [ 77].
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The new management alignment at NBC, which is owned by General Electric, had been widely predicted since the Universal deal was announced.
NY 18 was realigned in 1949 to follow its modern alignment between Lewiston and Lake Ontario, at which time its former routing alongside the Niagara River became NY 18F.
In this way, all alignment methods and similarity measures were assessed on an equal basis, no matter at which alignment ratio cutoff point.
Learning of recombinations was performed on the ordered, core genome alignment for 100 iterations, at which point the parameters had stabilized.
In the codon-based alignment, the codon sites at which most sequences have data except for one or two sequences were kept while sites at which all sequences except for one or two have alignment gaps were removed.
We argue that explicit vertical alignment efforts could bring project-specific issues to the attention of the management level at which horizontal alignment efforts could really enhance the solutions.
So that a comparable data set would be used for all pairwise comparisons, any site at which the alignment postulated a gap in any sequence was excluded from the analysis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com