Both Lutosławski's harmonic and aleatory processes are illustrated by example 1, an excerpt from Hésitant, the first movement of the Symphony No. 2. At number 7, the conductor gives a cue to the flutes, celesta and percussionist, who then play their parts in their own time, without any attempt to synchronise with the other instrumentalists.
Sources of uncertainty are diverse but generally fall into two categories: aleatory due to random process and epistemic resulting from a lack of knowledge.
In presenting my list, I hope the reader will understand that I have not gone out of my way to be cruel to those involved in the production of these films, nor is there anything capricious or aleatory in my selection process.
This paper presents a procedure for the optimal design of industrial alarm systems based on evidence theory to deal with epistemic and aleatory uncertainties of the monitored process variable.
Finally, the sensitivity of building damage was estimated for both the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties involved in the process of damage estimation.
Aleatory uncertainty is caused by inherent randomness of process and results in parameters without boundaries, and thus it is not possible to reduce aleatory uncertainty.
For that purpose, two performance evaluation processes that do incorporate the effect of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are illustrated and used in order to calculate the reliability of different height Special Moment Resisting frames through two probabilistic-based measures.
In order to fulfill this task successfully, all relevant sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties must be accounted for during the design process.
The process of identifying and attempting to quantify sources of uncertainty (both epistemic and aleatory) can be very informative, from all key perspectives (scientists, risk assessors and stakeholders).
This framework for categorisation of uncertainty incorporates energy system modelling, decision making, and subsequent planning processes: (1) linguistic uncertainty, (2) knowledge or epistemic uncertainty, (3) variability or aleatory uncertainty, (4) decision uncertainty, (5) planning procedural uncertainty, and (6) level of uncertainty.
Once the IDA procedure is applied to perform nonlinear dynamic analyses, aleatory (record-to-record) uncertainty only is considered.
