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Disulfiram, the initial medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcohol dependence, is an alcohol aversive or alcohol sensitizing agent [ 5].
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In addition, alcohol sensitizes other liver cells to TNFα's actions (An et al. 2012).
Similarly, chronic 10-day alcohol treatment sensitized mice to the proinflammatory response to Poly:IC, a compound that activates TLR3 (Qin and Crews 2012 a ).
Chronic alcohol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to LPS stimulation, leading to prolonged and predominant M1 polarization and the exacerbated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Mandrekar and Szabo 2009; Thakur et al. 2007).
"It was some of our opiate work that first sensitized me pun intended to the idea that the [brain's] reward system was compromised" in alcohol dependence, he says, "whereas it was the alcohol work that sensitized me to the idea that the stress system plays a key role in the development of dependence on non-alcohol drugs".
Benzyl ethers can release alcohols through oxidatively sensitized irradiation; however, no additional reports have been published in the past decade.
This review defines the roles of various cellular compartments and signaling molecules involved in neuroimmune activation, including the role of the stress axis in the communication between the central and peripheral immune systems and in sensitizing the neuroimmune response to alcohol.
Continued alcohol use seems to sensitize striatal reward function and increase incentive salience toward alcohol stimuli.
These results clearly demonstrate that alcohol intoxication leads to greater susceptibility to secondary insults by sensitizing the immune system through an unknown mechanism.
Dyes, Sensitizing.
Sensitizing protective tumor microenvironments to antibody-mediated therapy.
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