Coalescent estimates of a positive level of gene flow (albeit low) from proximal populations of BLUE into proximal populations of RED differs from the lack of gene flow inferred from lineage-wide comparisons [20].
As shown in Fig. 1A, αKlotho is expressed in proximal tubules, albeit at an approximately 2-fold lower level than that measured in distal tubules.
For example, monomethylation and dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1/2) typify enhancers within a given cell type, although the H3K4me2 mark is also present at proximal promoter regions, albeit at weaker levels [ 1, 15, 16].
Our results demonstrated the following: 1) renal BMP-7 is decreased in human hypertensive nephrosclerosis; 2) BMP-7 transcription is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system (AT-II vs. telmisartan) in vitro; 3) BMP-7 is able to reverse TNF-α and TGF-β-induced effects in human proximal tubule cells, albeit only high concentrations; and 4) BMP-7 decreased TGF-βRI expression.
Contrary to previous studies with lymphatic regeneration in collagen gel scaffolds, however, we also found lymphatic ingrowth from the proximal aspect of the wound albeit at a slightly slower rate, indicating that lymphatic regeneration across a tissue graft occurs as a result of coordinated lymphatic ingrowth from both margins of the wound.
Endothelial cells and scattered macrophages displayed CXCR2 immunoreactivity which was also seen in the epithelial cells of distal proximal tubules and collecting ducts, albeit at lesser intensity.
This is reminiscent of the "major/minor form" definition of SEs, albeit here it applies to both A5E proximal and distal splice sites.
Since these sites of reverse transcription termination marked locations that were also nearby in three dimensions to the radical source, the 5′ and 3′ ends of the resulting cDNAs would still be expected to report pairs of sites that were proximal in the RNA structure, albeit at longer average distances than source-to-cleavage pairs (illustrated in Figure 2A).
At P3, sst2A receptor labeling was widely distributed in all strata and subfields of the Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, albeit more concentrated on the cell bodies and proximal dendrites (Fig. 12F H).
Strong enhancers regulating distal genes were also enriched for trait-associated SNPs, albeit less so than strong enhancers which regulate proximal genes.
