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Our data also demonstrate that macrophages can be attracted into the airways without being preceded by neutrophil influx.
Airways without cartilages were selected and pure airway smooth muscle bundles were cut free from surrounding tissues with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
The presence of contrast material in the airways without visualization of the fistula itself may also be indicative of aspiration and cannot be considered specific for TEF.
ANCA negativity occurred more commonly in less severe disease such as localized GPA (i.e. disease limited to the upper or lower airways without other systemic involvements or constitutional symptoms) [ 6, 19, 20 ].
Second, subtype H1N1 colonizes the epithelia of both the upper and lower airways, without any obvious preference, whereas subtype H5N1 remains confined essentially to the alveoli and terminal bronchioles.
This study did not report on the bronchoscopic appearances of the bronchial mucosa nor on the histological appearances of bronchial biopsies but it seems plausible that cough in the latter group may have been caused by inflammation of the bronchi or smaller airways without tracheal involvement.
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Moreover, it was of utmost importance that ECMO support could allow the patient to undergo prompt bronchoscopic washout of the remaining blood clots from the lower airway without any danger of respiratory collapse.
Hung et al. reported the administrations of general anesthesia in a patient with tracheal stent and suggested that the LMA can help maintain a patent airway without harming the trachea or the stent, thus enabling safe induction of general anesthesia [3].
Skilled operators should (remove even) try to secure the airway without interruption in chest compressions [ 1].
These guidelines also suggest that the intubator should be able to secure the airway without interrupting chest compression (CC).
The primary positive outcome was achieving a functional airway without the need of an open laryngotracheal surgery or ongoing need for a tracheostomy.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com