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The concentration of airborne particulate matter was measured by TEOM and TEOM-FDMS instruments that are run as part of the UK's Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) and for the Scottish Air Quality Database (SAQD).
Data on gaseous pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, were obtained from the CARB air quality database for all nine counties.
To obtain information on temporal trends, PM2.5 component data were obtained from the Health Effects Institutes HEII) Air Quality Database website (https://hei.aer.com/login.php) for 2002 and 2007.
We obtained daily concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the Health Effects Institute (HEI) Air Quality Database (2010) and included these gaseous criteria pollutants into our models as potential confounders of PM components and to estimate their potential effects.
In addition, the downscaler approach is able to better predict the highs and lows of O3 and PM2.5 concentrations compared with earlier CMAQ models and spatial interpolation methods (e.g., kriging), subsequently providing an air quality database with the temporal variability indicative of air pollutant concentrations measured at central site monitors (Berrocal et al. 2012).
The benefits of the increased air quality database available through the use of the downscaler CMAQ model are limited by potential exposure misclassification as a result of less confidence in the bias-corrected CMAQ predictions in rural areas because of the increasing distance of these locations from air quality monitors.
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By comparison, London had an annual PM2.5 reading of 16. "The latest urban air-quality database released by the World Health Organisation reconfirms that most Indian cities are becoming death traps because of very high air pollution levels," said an Indian campaign group, the Centre for Science and Environment.
Air pollution data were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency's air quality system database, and we calculated zip code level averages by taking the average of the air pollution concentrations across all the monitors that fell in that zip code.
Currently the 1999 data are available under the Air Quality System database of the U.S. EPA (U.S. EPA 2005).
Daily ambient NO2 and ozone (O3) data were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality Systems database (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007) for two community monitoring sites closest to schools.
Study objective: This research was implemented to assess the effect of air pollution on anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, and cough and cold preparation sales in the city of Rouen Francee) based on the Upper Normandy Regional Union of Health Insurance Offices database and the Air Quality Monitoring Network database.
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