The phrase "air pollution failures" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to instances or situations where efforts to address or mitigate air pollution have not been successful.
Example: "The report highlighted several air pollution failures that have led to increased health risks in urban areas."
Alternatives: "failures in air quality management" or "shortcomings in pollution control efforts".
The public health impact of traffic-related air pollution on heart failure patients can be considerable.
The aforementioned negative correlation of Pm air pollution with heart failure morbidity and mortality in our model.
To our knowledge, no study has examined the long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution in heart failure patients.
This would imply some sort of unexpected 'protective influence' from Pm air pollution on heart failure patients.
4 We offer a possible explanation for this based on the following four observations: The aforementioned negative correlation of Pm air pollution with heart failure morbidity and mortality in our model.
It is possible that the unexpected negative correlation between particulate matter air pollution and heart failure could disappear when data are analysed at the individual level an example of an ecological fallacy.
The latter study, however, found larger effect estimates for cardiopulmonary mortality (HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09 3.51) than for all-cause mortality, which is consistent with an increased susceptibility to the effects of air pollution in heart failure patients.
Comparison of our results with those from case crossover and time-series studies investigating the acute effects of air pollution in heart failure patients (Goldberg et al. 2001; Kwon et al. 2001) shows that our effect estimates are two to three times larger.
However, it did provide strong evidence that air pollution can 'exacerbate' heart failure, increasing the likelihood that a patient with existing heart failure will become sufficiently unwell to require hospital admission, or even die.
2.58pm BST Environment group reaction to revised Defra projections Friends of the Earth air pollution campaigner Jenny Bates said: "Failure to meet air pollution limits in three of our major cities for another sixteen years would have serious impacts on the health of thousands of people.
