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The main strengths of this study are a large population from a wide geographical area, including > 23,000 participants from eight countries and > 20 different cities across Europe using standardized air pollution estimates at the residential address for a variety of air pollutant metrics.
Air pollution estimates.
Among studies in adults, only four have used individually assigned air pollution estimates at home addresses.
Annual air pollution estimates were then linked to residence coordinates, yielding cumulative residential exposure indices for each individual.
Hence, in the absence of indoor air pollution estimates, outdoor exposure patterns are sufficient for health studies [ 23].
Finally, we linked annual air pollution estimates to annual residence coordinates, yielding long-term residential exposure indices for each individual.
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Anything over 100 on the air pollution estimate is considered "unhealthy".
The total external costs of air pollution estimated here at €150.3 million make up 2.9% of the Tallinn GDP (in 2005).
One of the earliest reports was based on an ecologic study of counties of England and Wales in 1958 1964, with air pollution estimated from indices of domestic and industrial pollution (Collins et al. 1971).
Objective: We investigated the impact of four geocoding techniques on the association between urban air pollution estimated with a fine-scale (10 m × 10 m) dispersion model and lung function in adults.
We aimed to investigate the impact of the geocoding technique error when assigning home outdoor exposure on the association between long-term exposure to urban air pollution, estimated using a fine-scale dispersion model, and lung function in adults.
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