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The study used hourly air pollutants data from January 2007 through September 2011 gathered by the Environmental Monitoring Information System of Kuwait (eMISK, working under the Environment Public Authority of Kuwait).
For indoor air pollutants, data do not exist on any large scale.
In general, adjusting for maternal physical activity, obesity, parity, preeclampsia, hypertension, and cesarean section did not substantially influence associations between newborn SBP and air pollutants (data not shown).
In addition, our a priori choice was to analyze birth weight as a continuous outcome, which did not turn out to be associated with air pollutants (data not shown).
We analyzed the distribution of air pollutants in the 60 municipalities between 1994-1998 and found that geographical variations in SO2 (mean, 6.33 ppb; coefficient of variation [CV] %, 64.42) and NO concentrations (mean, 9.54 ppb; CV%, 65.43) were higher than the other air pollutants (data not shown).
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Most studies use air pollutant data from large networks of fixed site monitors, combined with large retrospective birth cohorts obtained from government birth registries.
Air pollutant data were extracted from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA Aerometric Information Retrieval Systemem (U.S. EPA 2007).
However, many studies in this field use air pollutant data from fixed monitoring stations.
However, we did not adjust for air pollutants in Nanxiong because air pollutant data were not available.
Differences in findings might be due to exposure misclassification from the use of central regional air pollutant data.
We excluded births for which air pollutant data were not available for ≥ 75% of the weeks in each trimester for that pollutant (21.5%).
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